1552 lines
41 KiB
HTML
Executable File
1552 lines
41 KiB
HTML
Executable File
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<!doctype html>
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<html lang="fr" class="no-js">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
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<meta name="description" content="De la doc, encore de la doc">
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<meta name="author" content="Djeex">
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.djeex.fr/nat/">
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<link rel="prev" href="..">
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<link rel="next" href="../dns/">
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<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.6.0, mkdocs-material-9.5.27">
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<title>NAT & DHCP - Djeex Lab</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/stylesheets/main.6543a935.min.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/stylesheets/palette.06af60db.min.css">
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<style>:root{--md-annotation-icon:url('data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 9.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 9.5m0 3.5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1m0-3.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 9.5m0 3.5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1m0-11A10 10 0 0 0 2 12a10 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 10-10A10 10 0 0 0 12 2m0 14c-2.63 0-5-1.57-6-4a6.505 6.505 0 0 1 8.5-3.5A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 18 12c-1 2.43-3.37 4-6 4m0-6.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 9.5m0 3.5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1Z"/></svg>');}</style>
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<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CRoboto+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
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<style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"Roboto Mono"}</style>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../stylesheets/extra.css">
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<script>__md_scope=new URL("..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script>
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<script id="__analytics">function __md_analytics(){function n(){dataLayer.push(arguments)}window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[],n("js",new Date),n("config","G-SN71Y331VQ"),document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){document.forms.search&&document.forms.search.query.addEventListener("blur",function(){this.value&&n("event","search",{search_term:this.value})}),document$.subscribe(function(){var a=document.forms.feedback;if(void 0!==a)for(var e of a.querySelectorAll("[type=submit]"))e.addEventListener("click",function(e){e.preventDefault();var t=document.location.pathname,e=this.getAttribute("data-md-value");n("event","feedback",{page:t,data:e}),a.firstElementChild.disabled=!0;e=a.querySelector(".md-feedback__note [data-md-value='"+e+"']");e&&(e.hidden=!1)}),a.hidden=!1}),location$.subscribe(function(e){n("config","G-SN71Y331VQ",{page_path:e.pathname})})});var e=document.createElement("script");e.async=!0,e.src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-SN71Y331VQ",document.getElementById("__analytics").insertAdjacentElement("afterEnd",e)}</script>
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<script>"undefined"!=typeof __md_analytics&&__md_analytics()</script>
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<meta property="og:type" content="website" >
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<meta property="og:title" content="NAT & DHCP - Djeex Lab" >
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<meta property="og:description" content="De la doc, encore de la doc" >
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<meta property="og:image" content="https://docs.djeex.fr/assets/images/social/nat.png" >
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<meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" >
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<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" >
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<meta property="og:image:height" content="630" >
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<meta property="og:url" content="https://docs.djeex.fr/nat/" >
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<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" >
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="NAT & DHCP - Djeex Lab" >
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="De la doc, encore de la doc" >
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<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://docs.djeex.fr/assets/images/social/nat.png" >
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</head>
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<body dir="ltr" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="cyan" data-md-color-accent="cyan">
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<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
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<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
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<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
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<div data-md-component="skip">
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<a href="#routeur-et-nat" class="md-skip">
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Aller au contenu
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</a>
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</div>
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<div data-md-component="announce">
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</div>
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<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-component="header">
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<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="En-tête">
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<a href=".." title="Djeex Lab" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Djeex Lab" data-md-component="logo">
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<img src="/img/logo/book_pixel.png" alt="logo">
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</a>
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3V6m0 5h18v2H3v-2m0 5h18v2H3v-2Z"/></svg>
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</label>
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<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
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<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
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<div class="md-header__topic">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Djeex Lab
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</span>
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</div>
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<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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NAT & DHCP
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z"/></svg>
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</label>
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<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
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<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
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<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
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<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
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<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="Rechercher" placeholder="Rechercher" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
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<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z"/></svg>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z"/></svg>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-search__options" aria-label="Recherche">
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<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="Effacer" aria-label="Effacer" tabindex="-1">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12 19 6.41Z"/></svg>
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</button>
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</nav>
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<div class="md-search__suggest" data-md-component="search-suggest"></div>
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</form>
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<div class="md-search__output">
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<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" tabindex="0" data-md-scrollfix>
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<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
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<div class="md-search-result__meta">
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Initialisation de la recherche
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</div>
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<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation"></ol>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="md-header__source">
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<a href="https://git.djeex.fr/Djeex/DjeexLab" title="Aller au dépôt" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
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<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4.209 4.603c-.247 0-.525.02-.84.088-.333.07-1.28.283-2.054 1.027C-.403 7.25.035 9.685.089 10.052c.065.446.263 1.687 1.21 2.768 1.749 2.141 5.513 2.092 5.513 2.092s.462 1.103 1.168 2.119c.955 1.263 1.936 2.248 2.89 2.367 2.406 0 7.212-.004 7.212-.004s.458.004 1.08-.394c.535-.324 1.013-.893 1.013-.893s.492-.527 1.18-1.73c.21-.37.385-.729.538-1.068 0 0 2.107-4.471 2.107-8.823-.042-1.318-.367-1.55-.443-1.627-.156-.156-.366-.153-.366-.153s-4.475.252-6.792.306c-.508.011-1.012.023-1.512.027v4.474l-.634-.301c0-1.39-.004-4.17-.004-4.17-1.107.016-3.405-.084-3.405-.084s-5.399-.27-5.987-.324c-.187-.011-.401-.032-.648-.032zm.354 1.832h.111s.271 2.269.6 3.597C5.549 11.147 6.22 13 6.22 13s-.996-.119-1.641-.348c-.99-.324-1.409-.714-1.409-.714s-.73-.511-1.096-1.52C1.444 8.73 2.021 7.7 2.021 7.7s.32-.859 1.47-1.145c.395-.106.863-.12 1.072-.12zm8.33 2.554c.26.003.509.127.509.127l.868.422-.529 1.075a.686.686 0 0 0-.614.359.685.685 0 0 0 .072.756l-.939 1.924a.69.69 0 0 0-.66.527.687.687 0 0 0 .347.763.686.686 0 0 0 .867-.206.688.688 0 0 0-.069-.882l.916-1.874a.667.667 0 0 0 .237-.02.657.657 0 0 0 .271-.137 8.826 8.826 0 0 1 1.016.512.761.761 0 0 1 .286.282c.073.21-.073.569-.073.569-.087.29-.702 1.55-.702 1.55a.692.692 0 0 0-.676.477.681.681 0 1 0 1.157-.252c.073-.141.141-.282.214-.431.19-.397.515-1.16.515-1.16.035-.066.218-.394.103-.814-.095-.435-.48-.638-.48-.638-.467-.301-1.116-.58-1.116-.58s0-.156-.042-.27a.688.688 0 0 0-.148-.241l.516-1.062 2.89 1.401s.48.218.583.619c.073.282-.019.534-.069.657-.24.587-2.1 4.317-2.1 4.317s-.232.554-.748.588a1.065 1.065 0 0 1-.393-.045l-.202-.08-4.31-2.1s-.417-.218-.49-.596c-.083-.31.104-.691.104-.691l2.073-4.272s.183-.37.466-.497a.855.855 0 0 1 .35-.077z"/></svg>
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</div>
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<div class="md-source__repository">
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Djeex/DjeexLab
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</div>
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</a>
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</div>
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</nav>
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</header>
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<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
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<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
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<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
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<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="navigation" >
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<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
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<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="Navigation" data-md-level="0">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
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<a href=".." title="Djeex Lab" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Djeex Lab" data-md-component="logo">
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<img src="/img/logo/book_pixel.png" alt="logo">
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</a>
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Djeex Lab
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</label>
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<div class="md-nav__source">
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<a href="https://git.djeex.fr/Djeex/DjeexLab" title="Aller au dépôt" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
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<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4.209 4.603c-.247 0-.525.02-.84.088-.333.07-1.28.283-2.054 1.027C-.403 7.25.035 9.685.089 10.052c.065.446.263 1.687 1.21 2.768 1.749 2.141 5.513 2.092 5.513 2.092s.462 1.103 1.168 2.119c.955 1.263 1.936 2.248 2.89 2.367 2.406 0 7.212-.004 7.212-.004s.458.004 1.08-.394c.535-.324 1.013-.893 1.013-.893s.492-.527 1.18-1.73c.21-.37.385-.729.538-1.068 0 0 2.107-4.471 2.107-8.823-.042-1.318-.367-1.55-.443-1.627-.156-.156-.366-.153-.366-.153s-4.475.252-6.792.306c-.508.011-1.012.023-1.512.027v4.474l-.634-.301c0-1.39-.004-4.17-.004-4.17-1.107.016-3.405-.084-3.405-.084s-5.399-.27-5.987-.324c-.187-.011-.401-.032-.648-.032zm.354 1.832h.111s.271 2.269.6 3.597C5.549 11.147 6.22 13 6.22 13s-.996-.119-1.641-.348c-.99-.324-1.409-.714-1.409-.714s-.73-.511-1.096-1.52C1.444 8.73 2.021 7.7 2.021 7.7s.32-.859 1.47-1.145c.395-.106.863-.12 1.072-.12zm8.33 2.554c.26.003.509.127.509.127l.868.422-.529 1.075a.686.686 0 0 0-.614.359.685.685 0 0 0 .072.756l-.939 1.924a.69.69 0 0 0-.66.527.687.687 0 0 0 .347.763.686.686 0 0 0 .867-.206.688.688 0 0 0-.069-.882l.916-1.874a.667.667 0 0 0 .237-.02.657.657 0 0 0 .271-.137 8.826 8.826 0 0 1 1.016.512.761.761 0 0 1 .286.282c.073.21-.073.569-.073.569-.087.29-.702 1.55-.702 1.55a.692.692 0 0 0-.676.477.681.681 0 1 0 1.157-.252c.073-.141.141-.282.214-.431.19-.397.515-1.16.515-1.16.035-.066.218-.394.103-.814-.095-.435-.48-.638-.48-.638-.467-.301-1.116-.58-1.116-.58s0-.156-.042-.27a.688.688 0 0 0-.148-.241l.516-1.062 2.89 1.401s.48.218.583.619c.073.282-.019.534-.069.657-.24.587-2.1 4.317-2.1 4.317s-.232.554-.748.588a1.065 1.065 0 0 1-.393-.045l-.202-.08-4.31-2.1s-.417-.218-.49-.596c-.083-.31.104-.691.104-.691l2.073-4.272s.183-.37.466-.497a.855.855 0 0 1 .35-.077z"/></svg>
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</div>
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<div class="md-source__repository">
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Djeex/DjeexLab
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</div>
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</a>
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</div>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href=".." class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Bienvenue sur Djeex Lab
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Généralités
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Généralités
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
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<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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NAT & DHCP
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
NAT & DHCP
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table des matières">
|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Table des matières
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#quest-ce-quun-port" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Qu'est-ce qu'un "port" ?
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#la-redirection-de-port" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
La redirection de port
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#le-dhcp" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Le DHCP
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
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</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
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|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../dns/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Zone DNS
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../samba/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Samba
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3" id="__nav_3_label" tabindex="">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Serveex
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Serveex
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../serveex/introduction/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Introduction
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_2" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_2" id="__nav_3_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Le coeur du serveur
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_2">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Le coeur du serveur
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../serveex/installation/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Debian 12
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../serveex/docker/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Docker
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../serveex/swag/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
SWAG
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_3" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_3" id="__nav_3_3_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
La sécurité
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_3">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
La sécurité
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../serveex/wireguard/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Wireguard
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../serveex/authentik/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Authentik
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../serveex/cloudflare/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Cloudflare Zero Trust
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_4" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_4" id="__nav_3_4_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Monitoring
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_4">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Monitoring
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../serveex/uptime-kuma/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Uptime-Kuma
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../serveex/dozzle/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Dozzle
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_5" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_5" id="__nav_3_5_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Media & Seedbox
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_5">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Media & Seedbox
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../serveex/plex/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Plex
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../serveex/qbittorrent/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Qbittorrent
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_6" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_6" id="__nav_3_6_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Cloud Drive & Photos
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_6">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Cloud Drive & Photos
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../serveex/immich/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Immich
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../serveex/nextcloud/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Nextcloud
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_7" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_7" id="__nav_3_7_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Développement
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_7">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Développement
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../serveex/code-server/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Code-Server
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../serveex/gitea/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Gitea
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../serveex/it-tools/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
IT Tools
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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Qu'est-ce qu'un "port" ?
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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La redirection de port
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Le DHCP
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<a href="https://git.djeex.fr/Djeex/DjeexLab/src/branch/main/docs/files/nat.md" title="Editer cette page" class="md-content__button md-icon">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.2 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M441 58.9 453.1 71c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L424 134.1 377.9 88 407 58.9c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0zM209.8 256.2 344 121.9l46.1 46.1-134.3 134.2c-2.9 2.9-6.5 5-10.4 6.1L186.9 325l16.7-58.5c1.1-3.9 3.2-7.5 6.1-10.4zM373.1 25 175.8 222.2c-8.7 8.7-15 19.4-18.3 31.1l-28.6 100c-2.4 8.4-.1 17.4 6.1 23.6s15.2 8.5 23.6 6.1l100-28.6c11.8-3.4 22.5-9.7 31.1-18.3L487 138.9c28.1-28.1 28.1-73.7 0-101.8L474.9 25c-28.1-28.1-73.7-28.1-101.8 0zM88 64c-48.6 0-88 39.4-88 88v272c0 48.6 39.4 88 88 88h272c48.6 0 88-39.4 88-88V312c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24s-24 10.7-24 24v112c0 22.1-17.9 40-40 40H88c-22.1 0-40-17.9-40-40V152c0-22.1 17.9-40 40-40h112c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24H88z"/></svg>
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</a>
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<h1 id="routeur-et-nat">Routeur et NAT</h1>
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<div class="admonition abstract">
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<p class="admonition-title">Objectifs</p>
|
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<ul>
|
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<li>Comprendre le principe de la redirection de port</li>
|
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<li>Savoir configurer le NAT de son routeur</li>
|
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<li>Savoir émettre des baux DHCP (IP fixes)</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<p><img alt="picture" src="/img/global/nat.svg" /></p>
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<h2 id="quest-ce-quun-port">Qu'est-ce qu'un "port" ?</h2>
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<hr />
|
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<p>Les ports sont différents canaux par lesquels votre routeur envoie et reçoit des données, ce qui permet d'utiliser plusieurs services en meme temps. Lorsqu'il reçoit une donnée via un port, otre routeur transmet ensuite les données à la machine qui :
|
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- soit a émis la requête de départ
|
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- soit est configurée pour recevoir les données reçues par un port spécifique du routeur</p>
|
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<p>Votre routeur dispose de plus de 65 000 ports à utiliser.</p>
|
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<p>Certains programmes et applications sont conçus pour utiliser des ports spécifiques. Par exemple, lorsque votre réseau envoie des données à partir d'une page HTML, le routeur les recevra via le port numéro 80 (non sécurisé) ou 443 (sécurisé via SSL). </p>
|
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<p>Le routeur sert donc de plateforme d'aiguillage des données entre internet et votre machine.</p>
|
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<h2 id="la-redirection-de-port">La redirection de port</h2>
|
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<hr />
|
|
<p>Rediriger un <code>port</code>, c'est émettre une règle qui spécifie que telle <code>source</code> peut envoyer des données à tel <code>port</code> de votre routeur, qui redirigera les données sur tel <code>port</code> de telle <code>machine</code>. Les <code>sources</code> et la <code>machine de destination</code> sont identifiées par leur <code>adresse IP</code>.</p>
|
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<table>
|
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<thead>
|
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<tr>
|
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<th>Variable</th>
|
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<th>Description</th>
|
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<th>exemple</th>
|
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</tr>
|
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</thead>
|
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<tbody>
|
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<tr>
|
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<td><code>machine source</code></td>
|
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<td>IP de la machine source (sur internet)</td>
|
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<td><code>All</code><br><code>123.45.67.89</code></td>
|
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</tr>
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<tr>
|
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<td><code>port source</code></td>
|
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<td>Port d'arrivée sur le routeur</td>
|
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<td><code>443</code></td>
|
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</tr>
|
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<tr>
|
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<td><code>port de destination</code></td>
|
|
<td>Port d'arrivée sur la machine de destination</td>
|
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<td><code>3000</code></td>
|
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</tr>
|
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<tr>
|
|
<td><code>machine de destination</code></td>
|
|
<td>IP de la machine de destination (sur votre réseau local)</td>
|
|
<td><code>192.168.1.50</code></td>
|
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</tr>
|
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</tbody>
|
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</table>
|
|
<p>Selon ce tableau, si on enlève le <code>All</code> et que l'on garde l'ip <code>123.45.67.89</code> en provenance d'internet, tout le traffic envoyé depuis cette IP sur le port <code>443</code> du routeur sera redirigé vers le port <code>3000</code> de l'IP locale <code>192.168.1.50</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>Si on enlève l'IP de l'exemple et qu'on laisse le <code>All</code>, tout le traffic d'internet envoyé au port <code>443</code> du routeur sera redirigé vers le port <code>3000</code> de l'IP locale <code>192.168.1.50</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>C'est utile si par exemple vous avez un serveur qui a un service qui nécessite d'etre accessible par internet. Par exemple, un site web. Le web utilise le port <code>80</code> (non sécurisé) et le port 443 (sécurisé par certificat SSL) pour communiquer. Ainsi, si je veux que mon site internet soit accessible, je vais faire en sorte que lorsqu'on tape le nom de domaine de mon site, le routeur redirige bien vers mon serveur local (avec l'exemple de l'IP locale du tableau). Par exemple, imaginons que mon service est sur le port <code>3000</code> de mon routeur (accessible en local via <code>http://192.168.1.50:3000</code>), je vais donc rediriger comme dans l'exemple toutes les sources (All) qui passent par le port <code>443</code> du routeur vers le port <code>3000</code> de mon serveur local.</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition warning">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Attention</p>
|
|
<p>Si vous avez plusieurs services à rendre accessible, avec par exemple <code>sousdomaine1.mondomaine.fr</code> et <code>sousdomaine2.mondomaine.fr</code>, votre routeur ne peut pas rediriger vers plusieurs port selon la requête. Vous devrez utiliser un <a href="/serveex/swag">Reverse Proxy</a> qui selon la requete redirigera vers le bon service de votre serveur.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2 id="le-dhcp">Le DHCP</h2>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<p>A chaque fois que vous connectez un appareil sur votre réseau local, votre routeur lui attribue une adresse IP via les règles DHCP. Celle-ci est aléatoire selon des règles prédéfinies. A chaque redémarrage de l'appareil, l'IP peut changer. C'est embetant si vous exposez un service et que vous avez une redirection de port dans votre routeur car si l'IP change, la redirection enverra les données dans le vide. Le serveur DHCP de votre box permet d'attribuer une IP fixe à un appareil.</p>
|
|
<p>Chaque appareil a une adresse physique dite "adressse MAC". Pour fixer l'IP, vous devez connaitre l'adresse physique de votre appareil (visible dans votre routeur si votre machine est connectée au réseau), et lui attribuer une adresse IP fixe, ce qu'on appel un "bail DHCP fixe".</p>
|
|
<p>Ainsi, l'IP de votre machine ne changera jamais et la redirection de port sera toujours effective.</p>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Variable</th>
|
|
<th>Description</th>
|
|
<th>Exemple</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><code>IP</code></td>
|
|
<td>IP locale fixe à attribuer</td>
|
|
<td><code>192.168.1.50</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><code>Adresse Mac</code></td>
|
|
<td>Adresse physique de la machine</td>
|
|
<td><code>5E:FF:56:A2:AF:15</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
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</table>
|
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<p>Pour plus d'information sur ces sujets, consultez la documentation de votre routeur.</p>
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